Fast Food Franchises Pakistan Essay

An overview was directed among a few people from various classifications of the general public to decide the finish of this report’s research. Likewise, certain dangers to western cheap food establishment were talked about. In this report we secured McDonalds, KFC and Pizza Hut as the principle western establishment eateries, with a couple of references to the Subway chain. 2. Presentation 2. 1. WHAT IS A FRANCHISE? An establishment is characterized as a legitimate and business connection between the proprietor of a trademark, administration mark, exchange name, or promoting image and an individual or gathering wishing to utilize that recognizable proof in a business. Each establishment business has been approved by a parent organization, or franchisor, to sell their products or administrations either in a retail space or an assigned land area. The establishment controls the strategy for leading business between the two gatherings. By and large, a franchisee sells products or administrations provided by the franchisor or that fulfill the franchisor’s quality guidelines. The franchisee has the options to showcase the item or administration utilizing the working techniques for the franchisor. The franchisee has the commitment to pay the franchisor certain charges and eminences in return for these rights. The franchisor has the commitment to give these rights and for the most part support the franchisee. In this sense, diversifying isn't a business or an industry, however a technique utilized by organizations for the advertising and circulation of their items or administrations. Both franchisor and franchisee have a solid personal stake in the accomplishment of the brand and keeping their clients upbeat. 2. 2. WHAT IS FAST FOOD? Cheap food is any food that is snappy, helpful, and normally modest. It is a kind of food that can be arranged and served rapidly. While any supper with low planning time can be viewed as inexpensive food, normally the term alludes to food sold in a café or store with low quality arrangement and served to the client in a bundled structure for remove. Inexpensive food can be purchased pretty much anyplace that sells food and bites. Road sellers and drive-through eateries are presumably the most well-known spots to discover cheap food. It’s so well known on the grounds that at a modest cost you can generally get a dinner that’s fulfilling. In any case, cheap food is reasonable in light of the fact that it is normally made with less expensive fixings, for example, high fat meat and nourishments that contain heaps of unfortunate fats (soaked and trans-fats) and cholesterol, rather than nutritious nourishments, for example, lean meats, new organic products, and vegetables. Inexpensive food in Pakistan is accessible anyplace, and the diversifying of global cheap food brands has made another and fruitful market. 1 2. 3. WESTERN FAST FOOD CHAINS IN PAKISTAN Globalization has made our reality a littler spot. Social trade has presented our general public to remote thoughts and outside nourishments have entered our nation. Coming up next is a presentation of the three most renowned western establishments in Pakistan: 2. 4. McDonalds [pic] McDonalds first opened its store in Pakistan in September 1998. From that point forward, they have opened seventeen new stores all through Pakistan. Today, a large number of Pakistanis place their trust in McDonald’s regularly to furnish them with food of an exceptionally high caliber just as great help. In the previous five years, the reaction to McDonalds originating from Pakistanis has been overpowering. At present, Lakson Group Companies has taken over McDonalds Corporation, USA and a neighborhood accomplice making it a 100% claimed and worked Pakistani organization. The main arrangement of brilliant curves started sparkling back in September 1998 in the city of Lahore. The opening was met with extraordinary fervor, and about seven days after the fact the McDonalds in Karachi opened. Starting at 2005, there were 18 eateries in Pakistan: 7 in Karachi, 1 in Hyderabad, 9 in Lahore, and 1 in Faisalabad. [1] 2. 5. KFC [pic] In Pakistan KFC was diversified by Artal Restaurants International in 1997. it was a Belgium based business gathering. KFC opened its first eatery in Pakistan in 1997 at Nipa Chorangi, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi. KFC opened its first eatery in Lahore, in June 1997, which was third in Pakistan. Today, KFC has in excess of 43 cafés in Pakistan. The market is ready for some more cafés and the financial specialists are quick to contribute. In 2001, KFC establishment was taken over by Gray Mackenzie Restaurants International. At present KFC in Pakistan is claimed by a Dubai based organization Cupola which is the world’s biggest café framework with more than 32,500 eateries in excess of 100 nations and domains. KFC is in a period of development and is growing quickly. The nature of their item is persuading the clients not to move to some other brand. KFC has won a few honors for there great food quality, client relationship and for giving methods for money to the majority of the nation. The organization is by and by a mammoth in the seared chicken industry as there contenders are a long ways behind. By and by they are attempting to advance there items for the simplicity of the clients, and they are additionally concentrating on furnishing there clients with progressively solid food. KFC is required to overwhelm the tremendous neighborhood market of drive-thru eateries in the Pakistan and give high caliber and more advantageous food to their clients. KFC has a colossal extent of advancing further and has heaps of chances in neighborhood advertise. KFC is relied upon to have in excess of 100 branches all over Pakistan sooner rather than later. [2] 2. 6. PIZZA HUT [pic] When it was at first opened in Pakistan, more than 10 years back in December 1993, Pizza Hut got an awesome reaction by the Pakistani shopper base. Pizza Hutâ€Pakistan is working under an establishment understanding between MCR (Private) Limited and TRICON Restaurants International (Former Pepsi Co café International). Pizza Hut Pakistan reports to TRICON (India) and TRICON Singapore all the while. Pizza Hut opened its first outlet in Clifton Karachi and the individuals of Pakistan greeted them wholeheartedly. As most cafés do, Pizza Hut didn't confront the issue of taste advancement since it presented a portion of the nearby preference for their Pizzas, similar to Chicken Tikka Pizza, Masala Pizza and Chappli Kebab Pizza. As of now, Pizza Hut has 14 outlets in all over Pakistan it despite everything planning to additionally grow. It is the market chief in the pizza advertise inside Pakistan. [3] 3. Financial AND SOCIAL IMPACT The foundation of western establishment inexpensive food chains in Pakistan has influenced the business exercises somewhat. They have likewise grown new desires for our general public and ways of life. Here are a couple of parts of how McDonalds, KFC and Pizza Hut have contributed in our economy and public activities. 3. 1. [pic] †¢ McDonald’s in Pakistan is as of now utilizing around 1,000 Pakistanis and each store is overseen by Pakistani directors. †¢ McDonalds has venture of over Rs 300 crore in the nation and installment of charges and obligations adding up to more than Rs 100 crore. †¢ Since McDonalds is doing so well in Pakistan they will proceed to develop and include more stores in more urban communities later on. †¢ The chiefs working for Lakson, allegedly month to month to the McDonalds headquarter situated in Illinois. In the eighteen café situated in Pakistan the entirety of the representatives, chiefs just as those working for Lakson are of Pakistani plunge. †¢ Since McDonald’s first opened in Pakistan back in September of 1998 they have had the option to add things to their menu that take into account the necessities of the Pakistani’s culture. Practically all the individuals of Pakistan practice Islam. The Islamic dietary laws are called Halal. Halal is likewise the term for allowed nourishments. Denied nourishments as depicted in the Quran are called Haram. A portion of these nourishments incorporate pork and feathered creatures of prey, liquor is likewise disallowed and energizers, for example, espresso and tea, are maintained a strategic distance from by the most passionate. There are likewise rules on how meat must be butchered. McDonalds has attempted to work with this by offering menu decisions, for example, the McArabia that are adequate for Muslims. In Muslim nations all of McDonald’s meat is butchered and arranged by Islamic Halal gauges. In the relatively recent past McDonalds change their burgers, treats, and cheeseburger buns so they don't contain any grease, making progressively adequate to more individuals in Pakistan. †¢ They additionally keep the works of art on the menu. They do offer what they call a McArabia, which is chicken on flatbread with a unique sauce and they likewise offer huge numbers of the firsts, for example, the Big Mac and burger with chicken. So while McDonalds has altered their menu to incorporate some nearby top picks they have likewise kept the notorious burgers and suppers. †¢ As does the McDonalds in the United States, the McDonald’s in Pakistan additionally takes into account the offspring of the network. They offer four kinds of cheerful suppers, which obviously incorporate a toy. Right now with the acquisition of a glad dinner the children get a Kung Fu Panda Movie toy. †¢ Another energizing obsession that McDonald’s Pakistan is doing is they are currently offering their McDelivery administration for nothing out of pocket. This conveyance administration will convey all menu things to clients with request of RS at least 150. Since this administration is moderately new it is just offered at two stores as of now. They incorporate Karachi and Lahore, yet different areas will be added to this rundown soon. †¢ Just like the McDonalds in the United States they likewise hold birthday celebrations at McDonald’s in Pakistan. They considerably offer birthday bundles with food and shocks for the children. †¢ McDonalds has likewise gotten associated with the Pakistani people group by partaking in nearby ventures and noble cause. As expressed in their vision McDonalds is solidly dedicated to offering back to the networks they work in. They partake by giving cash they get in stores each month to Darul Skoon (vagrant house). †¢ When McDonalds opened its first store in Pakistan the drive throu

Psychoanalytic, Jungian and Individual Psychology Theories Essay

The directing guide for this student basically starts on a point, with various significant speculations of degree. A portion of the significant advising speculations the student will contemplate, in this course, include: traditional analysis, singular brain research, investigative hypothesis, individual focused treatment, sane emotive conduct treatment, existential treatment, arrangement centered treatment, conduct treatment, gestalt treatment, subjective treatment, reality treatment, relational ways to deal with psychotherapy, women's activist treatment, and family frameworks treatment. The student accepts that there will be timeframes with customers, in which one hypothesis will work more adequately than another, or even where varied blends of at least two speculations are most fitting utilized. As a result of circumstances such as these, the student assumes, it is basic she be knowledgeable in the primary components of various significant advising hypotheses, so as to give the best help to her future customers, paying little heed to on the off chance that she winds up at present lined up with just a couple of said speculations. Along these lines, regardless of whether you end up being a diverse or a solitary hypothesis advocate, knowing the significant ways to deal with directing and psychotherapy is fundamental. Indeed, even eclectics need to know the methodologies from which they get. † (Murdock 2009) â€Å"According to Maddi (1996), hypotheses are implied â€Å"to cultivate comprehension of something until now not understood† (Murdock 2009). The student is additionally of the feeling that guiding speculations ought to clarify and even gauge, somewhat, the client’s conduct in order to contribute to the restorative end. The student acknowledges as obvious that using at least one perceived guiding speculations makes the gauge unambiguous and progressively open to appraisal. The client’s trusts, objectives, discernments, activities, character, uniqueness, imaginative feeling/s about oneself and their issues and mentalities towards treatment will contribute significantly to the hypothesis or speculations utilized. So as to use the client’s hypothesis of progress and to viably direct the decision of strategy or joining of different treatment models best, the student must be conscious of the client’s remarkably close to home introduction, in hypothetical terms. The customer is really the single, most powerful supporter of result in psychotherapy †through the assets they bring into the treatment room and what impacts their lives outside it. † (Andrews 2007) One of the essential reasons customers hypothetically join in and search out directing is to arrive at a restorative objective, unmistakable outcome, or change that they couldn't achieve all alone. â€Å"All of these speculations endeavor to clarify the way toward helping customers change; they all offer a type of remedy for what one individual, the advisor, can do to support the other individual, the customer, who has looked for help. (Murdock 2009) As the student finds the association between learning hypothesis and its’ application in proficient practice, with respect to customer treatment, hypothesis should in time, take on a genuine human encounter, an existence of its’ own, in a manner of speaking. Advising hypothesis and expert practice should work for her as in a perfect world complimentary accomplices, changing, developing and adjusting, varying, and after some time. The student perceives the advantage and reality that at least one of the directing speculations she embraces will probably be altered or change in any event once during her calling vocation. As her customer base develops and changes and as she by and by and expertly grows, so will her hypothetical models, structures, suppositions and expectations. â€Å"Theory ought to be applied in a basic manner, with the acknowledgment that different methodologies exist (and are evidently substantial, as well) and that hypotheses contain predispositions that can be hazardous to customers. Likewise, beginning with one great hypothesis doesn't mean you will remain with that hypothesis until the end of time. † (Murdock 2009) For any advising hypothesis to be adequately applied, the student accepts, a positive coalition with one’s customer is essentially imperative. So as to viably use examined directing speculations and apply at least one of them effectively, the customer must be ready. â€Å"We now consider our clients’ perspective, their guide of the region, as the deciding ‘theory’ for treatment (Duncan et al. , 1992), coordinating both the goal wanted and the courses of rebuilding, and everything except guaranteeing the experience of a positive partnership. (Duncan, Miller, Sparks 2007) The student comprehends that an open and important relationship with her customers is so fundamental for any directing hypothesis or speculations she embraces to be adequately used, in proficient guiding treatment. The student is obliged, as a future advisor, to shape a nearby and genuinely, bona fide association with her customers, through different estimates, for example, undivided attention, bringing out sympathy, empathy, and passing on a practically total feeling of acknowledgment of her customers; These measures are generally urgent in making a positive union with her customers. In rundown, the student has decided she should concentrate many significant guiding hypotheses to make her fundamental guide from which to work from. The student will start the utilization of the basics of at least one of these hypotheses and magnificently explore her way on the guide towards a level of reduced mental manifestations in her future customers. â€Å"Good psychotherapy brings about expanded self-comprehension and, at last, can deliver changes in lives that expansion bliss. †

Suffering From an Inferiority Complex at the Workplace 7 Powerful Tactics to Get Rid of Them

Suffering From an Inferiority Complex at the Workplace 7 Powerful Tactics to Get Rid of Them Inferiority complex in the workplace is best described asFeeling worthless to do something you’ve been assigned withRefusal to take up new projects for fear of failure due to peer pressureStrong negative emotions working for the companyLow self-esteem when compared to your colleaguesInferiority complex starts with a single shred of doubt that lingers long enough in your mind to question your existence and your worth every time a task comes up.People who suffer from low self-confidence will always suffer from feelings of self-loathing when they are as experienced as their co-workers or can even outperform them.Let’s make a commitment with you that by the end of this guide, you’ll be free from negative thoughts and you’ll feel a tremendous boost of confidence surging from your mind.WHY INDIVIDUALS HAVE FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY AT THE WORKPLACEInferiority complex is quite common in the workplace and it happens to all of us during the first few days or weeks of joining a new compa ny.It’s quite natural for humans to compare themselves with their peers and self-evaluate their worth to understand exactly where they stand in the employee rankings. Healthy competition is necessary, and it causes us to work harder and helps us achieve our milestones and climb up the company’s ranks quickly.However, the biggest problem arises when you’re unable to shake off your inferiority complex even after a month or two of joining your company.This is when you know that it’s no longer a phase but a mental disorder that is a part of your personality.Activating Your Inner Happiness MechanismDr. K. Kuhathasan the CEO of Cenlead believes that everyone’s self-image is different and every time we express our feelings and emotions to someone we either enhance or diminish our self-image.He states that every one of us has an inbuilt happiness mechanism that lies dormant within us, we either wake it up every day to make it work for us by improving our life or we let it sleep an d we simply hide behind our inferiority mask.Dr. Kuhathasan strongly believes in getting rid of inferiority complex by visualizing our goals in front of our mirror every day. He suggests facing the mirror and asking yourself 3 important questions and the  questions are â€"How can I impress others?How can I shine today?How can I perform to my fullest?By answering these questions and repeating it every day to yourself while facing the mirror, you’ll enable your goals and divert your mind into activating the happiness mechanism.The exercise helps if you have a list of achievements that you’d like to accomplish listed in a numerical order. The higher the priority, the higher the achievement should be located on the list.Insecurity and Its Negative EffectsInsecurity is one of the biggest negative factors responsible for inferiority complex. Insecurity causes us to forgo opportunities in favor of remaining in the dark as we fear making a mistake will put the light of judgment on us. In turn, insecurity begins to morph into other negative areas such as â€" jealousy, envy, hatred, aggressiveness, and depression.Take for example â€" As a journalist in your company, your boss calls you in with the biggest break of your life. You get to interview the mayor of the city and make your mark in the big wide world of journalism. Instead of feeling excited and jumping up on the offer, you begin to fret and imagine all the blunders you’d commit on live television while interviewing the mayor. These events create a negative barrier causing you to lose a big opportunity. In the end, you refuse and watch haplessly as the job is passed on to your fellow colleague.As your colleague accepts the offer, you begin to feel the claws of jealousy reach at your throat and become envious of her when you see her ace the interview. You’ll begin to see her as a threat to your job and may begin to unnecessarily pick feuds with her.Therefore, insecurity causes strong feelings of inferiori ty to harbor and it’s important to tackle the issue at its earliest stage before you wake up one day and see a toxic garden of passive aggressiveness basking within you. 7 TACTICS TO DO AWAY WITH YOUR INFERIORITY COMPLEX AT WORKHere’s a short story of a man who suffered inferiority complex and you’ll see that even successful people had to endure the likes of inferiority â€"Harland was at the wrong end of sixties with not a penny in his pockets and barely able to meet ends meet. He suffered from social anxiety all through his life and at the ripe age of 65 when life seemed to end for most people, he decided to begin his. He decided to start a business by selling fried chicken and decided to go door-to-door selling his recipe. To his surprise, people loved his recipe and restaurants were ready to license his product. Harland decided to strike a license agreement with many restaurants in his block and soon came to be known fondly as ­â€" Colonel Sanders, owner of the KFC franchi se. If you’re blown away by this story, remember that age doesn’t necessarily dictate when you can shake off that stubborn insecurity that manifests within you. To help you fight off inferiority complex, we’ve prepared 7 various techniques to help you curb your insecurity.We understand that not everyone shares the same kind of insecurity as the other. Hence, we invite you to try the tactic that best suits your lifestyle.1. The Distraction TacticThe distraction tactic is quite straightforward and is all about keeping yourself away from all distractions that are bound to occur in your workplace.What distractions you ask? Let’s take a few examples.You’ve heard a gossip from someone about how everyone is negative about you in the officeOverthinking an incident involving verbal abuse you received from one of your senior level managersFear of not being able to achieve anything despite giving your best at workWorrying about how your physical appearance is at every minute of your work dayDemonstrating importance on how others perceive you without their actual acknowledgementAll the above examples are quite common in a workplace and afflict the employees with the most inferior mindset of all. Remember, it might be hard to focus on your work when you’re surrounded by unhappy emotions, but these thoughts only fuel your brain to feeling “inadequate” when you’re not.To best utilize the “distraction technique”, here is a method we recommend you utilize. Let’s call it the “Bridging Your Positivity” technique.Let’s say you’re distracted by a certain bad incident that happened at the workplace. You’re completely unable to concentrate on your work and can’t help but feel worthless. In this technique, you’ll be required to â€"Close your eyes completely and picture yourself in the incident. Replay the event completely inside your mind. Do it just onceOnce you’ve replayed the entire incident, it’s time to convince yourself that you’re st ronger than this than to let someone’s words have their way with you.After all, they don’t walk your shoes and have no idea who you’re underneath your professionalism.Convince yourself that their words don’t really affect you and think of a beautiful holiday that you’ll be taking the coming summer.Distracting yourself from the current negative situation with a future positive outcome is one of the best ways to activate the distraction technique.Before you know it, you’ll completely replace the negative situation with a happy one.Perform this technique with your eyes closed every time to mentally create a bridge of positivity in your brain every time things get you down.We promise, in time, you’ll be shedding off your inferiority complex and will concentrate on more valuable priorities in life.The “Distraction” tactic is powerful once you master it. In time, you’ll be able to immediately disperse negative memories and replace them with happy ones without you feeli ng impacted by it.2. The Gratefulness TacticAre you someone that looks at other people’s lives and wishes you had it just as easy as them? Do you sometimes feel jealous of your work colleague for being well-recognized in the office? If yes, then the “Gratefulness Tactic” is the right technique for you. Often, we begun to relive our past and wonder what it would be like had we made a certain choice to impact our future.Our lives would be so much better than today.But the reality is that no amount of regret is going to change the past, but all the daydreaming will surely impact the future.In turn, the events that we do in the present will continue to shape our past. The best bet is to make do with the tools we have today and not reach for the past.Feeling insecure about our present due to the mistakes of our past is quite common and happens all the time. Instead of counting the stars for others, it’s time to begin counting your own stars. Stop comparing your life with those th at are fortunate and start comparing with those less fortunate than you.The homeless, the disabled, and the bankrupt are great examples that come to mind.Ask yourself are you far worse in your situation and have less tools to work with when compared to the above less fortunate? Of course not.To start the gratefulness tactic, we begin by performing one new thing every week to show our gratitude to the planet and all the people and animals that live in it.Here are a few activities to accomplish and you can add your own to the list as you complete them.Forgive someone that offended you in the past that you haven’t been talking toHelp a friend with his problem that you’ve been ignoring for the past monthSort out simple home tasks by helping a family member around the homeGive a hot warm meal to a homeless person and see their bright smileInstead of buying a pet from a breeder, choose to adopt a stray animal from the pound. You’ll be saving two lives â€" the stray and the one that takes its placeNext time you decide to throw out your leftover food, remember that there is always someone around that needs it more than you. Help them receive itSpend an entire day at an orphanage by offering education and time to kids that sorely need someone to talk toPerform community service at your nearby community center â€" feeding the homeless, helping injured animals, clearing litter from beaches, etc.While at first, you might ponder at how gratitude ties in with inferiority complex but as you begin to open yourself to others you begin to be accepted by society and before you know it, you’ll be off the chains of isolation and misery. 3. The Acceptance TacticDon’t we all wish we were in the shoes of Michael Phelps or Usain Bolt to accomplish superhuman feats and bathe in the crowd’s thunderous chants? If you have trouble accepting yourself the way you are, the “Acceptance Tactic” could be your answer to shedding your inferiority complex.To begin with, let’s beg in by summarizing the story of Usain Bolt. Before all the fame, Bolt was just an ordinary boy born in a village called Trelawny Parish that barely had water and no electricity. He was born in poverty and begin to train from a young age thanks to the motivation of his mother, Jennifer Bolt. In his own words, Usain Bolt stated that anyone could sprint at his speed if they just put in the required effort to train their body and mind. Now that we’ve heard from his side of the story, we begin to see just how human Usain Bolt really is and how he got to where he is through sheer hard work and commitment, something all of us lack yet complain. While the other superhuman, Michael Phelps with his 28 Olympic gold medals from over 4 Olympics seems to be god’s own creation, let’s get inside his story.A 29-year old Michael Phelps was found in an alcoholic state in 2014 by local police. He was slumped and was no longer the golden hero everyone knew him for, instead he was a pale shadow of h is former glory. He was arrested on the spot and the press began to send out his infamy to all the four corners of the world. Now, while the average person would take this as the final nail to the coffin, Phelps decided to prove the world wrong by regaining his former shape at the age of 30. He began to train past his insecurity and inferiority complex. He became focused on the goal to be the fastest swimmer in the world and break his old record. He wanted to hear the crowd chant his name in a deafening roar once again. And that’s exactly what happened in the 2008 Olympics where he won a staggering set of 8 gold medals and destroyed numerous world records that day. Every champion had to go through an insecure phase, no matter how confident they were in the past. Through these two stories, we wanted to prove to you that insecurity affects even the best metahumans on the planet and that the only reason they shine is because they overcame that through mental training and dedication t o their art.Accepting yourself is the first thing to do. Stop comparing yourself to others and know that you’re unique. Know that the future holds numerous options for you, out of which you get to choose the one that allows you to radiate your raging passion to the world.Here are a few pointers to accept yourself without clouding your judgment.Celebrate your strengths and work on your weaknessRemember this quote “A fish can’t climb a tree comparing itself to a monkey, just like how a monkey can’t swim like a fish”.Don’t allow negative people to talk down your strengths. Avoid toxic individuals.Have a support army that you can rely on. Like your family, friends, etc.Ensure the inner critic in you stays silent when you perform a challenge in life.Remember to reward yourself when you perform a unique feat that no one else can. Example â€" securing the biggest deal for your company.Practice self-compassion and eliminate self-doubt. Doubt is noise for the mind preventing you from doing great things.Forgive yourself. You are human, after all.4. The ”Being-Happy” TacticYes, even clowns feel pain and insecurity behind all that makeup. The smile they demonstrate to the world is just as fake as their face paint. No, we aren’t proposing you to stay happy with a silly smile across your face all the time. That’s not what the “Being-Happy” tactic is all about.Instead, we invite you to add joy to your life in a natural way and by eliminating all the stress from your life. Sometimes, when our self-esteem hits rock bottom we tend to feel insecure about ourselves. The simplest of tasks can seem like a mammoth accomplishment.Did your boss just ask you to get him coffee? You are now a nervous wreck. You begin to think how you could fumble and spill the steaming coffee on your boss’s brand-new suit. You’re sure you’ll be fired. Worse! What if no one hires you after a bad recommendation letter from your boss?This is how insecurity manifests itself in t he simplest of tasks.The root cause for people to remain unhappy and insecure with their job is “Uncertainty”. Many working individuals have no logical reason on why they work every day. When questioned the usual response is “The pay is good, and I have a family to feed”.  When someone isn’t happy in their job, a stressful mechanism is triggered.Working a job, you don’t like only to take home money causes a chain of negative reactions. Instead, if you were to shed off your insecurity and have self-confidence in doing what you love, you’d make the money but also add the happiness factor into your life. This is what the “Being-Happy” tactic is all aboutStaying happy isn’t a magical formula and while it’s simple to attain it’s also harder to sustain. Sustaining happiness is just like any other activity that you take up for the first time, remember the first time you tried to ride your bicycle and you fell bruising your knee?However, a week later and you were ab le to balance your bike just enough to go down your first lane without a fall. Enjoying happiness is similar when you lead a disciplined life.By adding these simple quotes into your life, you’ll see just how to manage a happy life and sustain it for a long time.Follow your passion not the money bagPeople that love you should love you for what you are and not because of your successDon’t postpone problems until it’s too late. Seek a solution immediatelyRejection can be a stepping stone of success. Work on your weaknessesAlways count on a backup plan for any of life’s numerous scenariosSocial skills are a must even if you’re an introvert. Develop just enough to work through a satisfactory conversationTraveling is the best experience for the mind to pursueAlways continue to grow, there is no finite limit for knowledgeNever hold grudges. They only burden youLive for today but also invest in tomorrowSay “Thank You” only if you mean itThese are some of the words that many su ccessful, confident, and happy people live by. There isn’t a strict set of rules, but the rule of the thumb is“Do what makes you happy, as long as you aren’t putting others in harms way”.Happiness doesn’t have to be a fleeting emotion, it can be captured and preserved with the right tools.5. The Visualizing TacticOur minds are powerful. More powerful than we give them credit for. In fact, without you controlling yourself, many defensive mechanisms are activated to protect your body. Don’t believe us? Let’s look at a list â€"Antibodies being released within us to combat daily illnesses that we don’t even know we have been afflicted withA detoxification process that constantly removes toxins within our digestive tract to keep our bellies running in full capacityInvoluntary yawning causes our body to automatically circulate oxygen to our blood and increase our otherwise low energy levelsSweating after a workout to regulate body temperatureSneezing causes us to expel mil lions of germs and other allergensAllergies to let us know there is a foreign body causing problems in our body.The list goes on, but the point is our mind and body are well-connected and even if we physically don’t take care of ourselves, there are certain defensive mechanisms in place that cause our bodies to expel negative forces.Similarly, for inferiority complex, our mind requires us to practice “Visualization” to give us a new defensive mechanism to activate upon receiving any negative feedback of ourselves.Visualization helps us connect with our mind and inform us what our strengths and weaknesses are. We can boost our self-esteem by simply boosting ourselves through visualizing a situation and finding an appropriate solution for it.Still unable to follow us?Let’s give you a step-by-step visualization technique.Step 1: Begin by taking a notepad and listing out all the stressful factors of your life. For example â€" Less income, Health issues, Outstanding Loans. Harass ment at office, etc.Step 2: Ensure you list every single issue without hesitation. Once it’s on paper, take a good hard look at all the issues for a good five minutes.Step 3: Take a deep breath and begin to find workarounds for each problem. For example â€" if it’s a bad loan, cut costs and find ways to repay the debt or if it’s harassment at the office, approach your seniors and report the harasser immediately.Step 4: You’ll begin to feel the burden lighten in your mind once you’ve visualized your solutions on paper. Studies suggest that inferiority complex is directly linked to social anxiety, once you deal with your anxiety, your insecurity begins to disappear.Step 5: Ensure you visualize every problem in a similar fashion by writing it out on paper first. Remember, there is always a solution to every problem, all you need is a clear mind to find it.And that’s it. The “Visualization” technique is all about finding an answer to one’s problem instead of lugging ar ound all the mental baggage all day and feeling inferior to the gaze of others. 6. The “Improving Yourself” TacticWhile it’s hard for a person that lacks self-confidence to suddenly just burst out with energy and go prove their worth. It’s also worth mentioning that by striving to be our very best we do away with our inferiority complex for good.What do we mean by being “the very best version of ourselves”?Allow us to demonstrate with an example â€" Let’s say you’ve just begun a new job at a digital advertising firm. Your job as the research analyst is to bring in the hot news for your firm by spending all your day on the internet and making phone calls to some interesting clients. You’d obviously be fearful at your new job. What if you aren’t worth it and that you get fired without even making it to the first month? In this negative situation, improving yourself will be your best option. What do you do? Simple, you turn your concentration towards learning the si tuation and understanding how work gets done in your workplace. Every time a negative thought comes into your head, convince yourself that the greatest entrepreneurs worked in much worse situations and made their way up by improving themselves. Here are 5 ways you can improve your self-confidence and boost your overall productivity to attain improvisation â€" Stick to the basics at the new job. Don’t try to conduct your work operations based on a YouTube clip of an expert you witnessed last night. That takes years of work. Keep it simple.Once you’ve learned the ropes of your company. Find ways to improve your productivity during the first month. Your first month’s impression can be invaluable in suggesting to your senior managers that they made the right call in hiring you.Don’t hesitate in asking for help when you’ve got no idea on how to do it. Remember everyone started out new just like you.Find a role model immediately, whether in real life or through an autobiography. Every expert has valuable advice to share to their newer compatriots. This advice can save you on valuable time by avoiding mistakes.Improvisation takes time. Don’t cut corners to improve productivity, instead increase your efficiency over time. Don’t give a reason for your bosses to find fault in your workings.Once you’ve followed the above tips, your inferiority complex will begin to diminish, and you’ll begin to appreciate the process of a butterfly morphing out of a cocoon.7. The “Mind Your Business” TacticInferiority complex in people can cause them to be easily susceptible to criticism by others. In fact, even constructive criticism can set off alarm signals in our brains that cause us to fret and worry and soon wander into an isolated world of depression.Remember, false flattery will only be the doom for your career. Imagine being congratulated for every screw up you performed in life or being praised for something you fully know you didn’t perform to your full est. It’s worse than being criticized. According to a study by Madorah E. Smith, the subjects demonstrated more than 700 conflicts of inferiority complex.The report further suggested that inferiority begins during adolescence and if left untreated would strongly manifest into adulthood and affect work-life balance greatly.The “Mind Your Business” tactic is a technique that utilizes a closed-minded approach as compared to more open-minded tactics as the previous ones. It’s important for us to practice assertiveness in curbing the menace of inferiority.Because inferiority-stricken individuals generally find it hard to stand their ground and usually succumb to peer pressure and change their own opinion, they have a hard time accepting themselves in the long run.Let’s change that by providing a checklist to abide by.Learn to say “No” in front of the mirror every day. Then practice it in front of a family member. Soon you’ll find it easier to deny favors for your work col leagues who take you for granted.When in doubt, always stand your ground instead of siding with another’s opinion, simply because it’s the general opinion.Keep away from office politics. Don’t waste time gossiping and taking sides between one or the other. It’s not what you were hired for.If you feel you need to make an impact by yourself. Start by concentrating on your career, the others will follow behind your success.If you don’t feel like having lunch with a group, take a timeout and sit by yourself. Don’t feel guilty of being the odd one.Don’t let your boss’s words affect you. Realize he was once an employee just like you and was the target of such insults.Don’t step on other people’s office turf. Avoid giving a reason for your office colleagues to pick a banter with you.Socialize with discretion. Never reveal deep secrets during a break, this could haunt you later.Don’t offer advice where it’s not needed. Even if someone asks for it, remain neutral. Rem ember, never pick sides.By not being judgmental, you’ll not be a threat to your office mates when an internal war breaks out.There will be no bounty on your head since you weren’t participating in the gossip. Eliminating most of the noise ensures your inferiority complex remains in check.The famous words â€" “People that spend time looking for faults in others, should spend time in correcting their own” works well when dealing with bouts of inferior complex.FINAL WORDS ON DEALING WITH INSECURITY AND LOW SELF-ESTEEMThe defense for a deep-rooted inferior complex is building up your self-esteem, hence by instilling some confidence into yourself and understanding that every mistake is a part and parcel of life, you’ll be able to accept things on a logical level and be less prone to feeling guilty.Distance yourself from the negativity of the world and surround yourself with positive people.When you’re responsible, kind, and approachable, you’ll automatically find yourself i n a much better state of mind to not feel insecure all the time.

How Music Is Used For Advertising - 1524 Words

How Music is Used in Commercials Now adays and before music is an important factor in media advertising. As media is tool for advertising and it reaches to many users and customers music can play very significant role. And music serve the general promotion targets in business. Jingle music is very common technique for aiding the ad. Most of popular companies in globe are very succesfull because of using Jingle music in their ads. A very good jingle attracts the consumer s attention and makes them think again and again regarding a product, a bad jingle could make the company popular for the wrong reasons. â€Å"[†¦] When [background music is] used appropriately, [it] is the catalyst of advertising. It augments pictures and colors words, and often adds a form of energy available through no other source.† (Hecker 1984) Music could get many responses out of people as its played. Music could touch our emotions like it could calm us, excite us sadden us, soothe us. 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The Issues Of Minority Staff Members - 771 Words

FINAL EXAMINATION Scenario I Exam Question - What issues and data do you examine and what steps do you take to resolve this serious and troubling dilemma? First and foremost, a number of questions must be answered before we can address the minority and retention issues within the St. George County Family Services Association (SGCFSA). I for one would like to know the percentage of minorities we are currently serving in our community, and if this percentage has changed over time and if so, why? Furthermore, I would examine why only a limited number of minority staff members have been hired within the organization since my tenure; and what caused this shift to occur from just a few years ago. Additionally, it is important to be aware of how many minority staff members are presently in a management position as this can be an indicator as to why there has been such a high turnover or attrition rate in the past couple years. 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Muslim Persecution by the Quraish Free Essays

Muslim Persecution by the Quraish When the Holy Prophet declared Allah’s message in public and called upon the people of Makkah to adopt Islam as their religion, he moved into a new stage in Islamic history. Before this, the Holy Prophet’s had only been preaching on very minor scales to his close fellows. The declaration of the message changed the picture. We will write a custom essay sample on Muslim Persecution by the Quraish or any similar topic only for you Order Now It called upon the people of Makkah to accept a total change – to pay homage to Allah instead of their idols and to bring a complete alteration in social, economic, political and commercial conduct. The response of the people of Makkah was aggressive. They felt that unless Islam was not faced with a tough opposition, it would be accepted by a large number of people, especially the poor and the slaved. Among those who took a lead in the opposition were the most influential chiefs of the Quraish, specifically Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab, Abu Sufyan, Waleed bin Mughaira and Abta bin Rabi. The poor and the weak converts like Hazrat Bilal were tortured and made to suffer. They would be starved, beaten and exposed to the scorching heat of the desert. Some slaves even died due to the effects of torte. However, none of the slaves or poor renounced their religion. Even rich and respected people like Hazrat Usman, Hazrat Abu Bakr and Abdullah bin Zaid would not be spared. The opposition increased gradually. Rubbish, twigs and thorns would be thrown at the Holy Prophet and abuses would be launched at him. A Quraish once tried to strangle the Holy Prophet with a sheet while he was praying in the Kaabah. Another time, Abu Jahl placed filth on the Holy Prophet’s back when he was prostrating during prayers. The Quraish also hurled campaigns against the Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet was called a madman. Poems were written to ridicule him. When the Holy Prophet’s second son died in infancy, Abu Lahab called him ‘abtar’ – a man with no male offspring. The Quraish would try to physically harm the Prophet. However, in spite of all these horrible measures, the Holy Prophet continued to preach Islam. When insults and physical harm had no effect on the Holy Prophet, the Quraish tried to bribe the Holy Prophet. They offered him large fortunes, the seat of the king, marriage to the fairest maiden in the land if he gave up preaching Islam. The Holy Prophet refused all such offers. Abu Talib was approached and told to tell his nephew to stop preaching. However, the Holy Prophet pledged to continue preaching Islam until the day he perishes. How to cite Muslim Persecution by the Quraish, Essay examples

Factors Effecting the Service and Financial Performance of Pia free essay sample

Corruption at its peak:14 Less technology advanced as compared to its competitors:15 Poor image:15 Lack of training facilities:15 SWOT Analysis of Pakistan International Airlines:16 STRENGTHS:16 LEADING MARKET POSITION:16 BRAND RECOGNITION:16 SUPERIOR OPERATING STRUCTURE:16 NETWORK PRESENCE:17 HUB AIRPORT AT KARACHI:17 EFFECTIVE USE OF TECHNOLOGY:17 WEAKNESSES:17 FORMULATION OF GOVT. RULES:17 HIGH DEPENDENCE ON PASSENGER REVENUES:17 DEBT:18 RELIANCE ON OIL PRICES:18 OPPORTUNITIES:18 HAVING THE MAXIMUM ROUTE AND FLEET:18 GROWING DEMAND FOR LOW COST AIRLINES:18 CUSTOMER LOYALTY:18 SHIFTING CUSTOMER NEEDS:19 INDUSTRY RECOVERY:19 THREATS19 HIGH INTEREST RATES:19 ACCIDENTS:19 STRONG COMPETITION BY AIRBLUE:20 INTEREST AND FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES:21 DECLINE IN AIRLINE INDUSTRY:21 PEST ANALYSIS21 POLITICAL FACTORS:21 ECONOMIC FACTORS:22 SOCIAL FACTORS:23 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS:23 Recommendations and suggestions:24 Implementation of program:25 Human resources and administration department:25 Management issues:25 Marketing department:26 Modernization of fleet:28 Explore more market:28 Training and development department:28 Accountability:29 Finance:29 Benefits29 References31 Sites31 Journals, Reports, Magazines,31 Executive Summary In 1946, Pakistan International Airline was founded as Orient Airways. It provides transportation, cargo and courier services. Pakistan International Airlines serves at two levels that is Domestic and International Level. In comparison to the other Airlines which are operating in Pakistan at Domestic level, PIA expanded its networks to areas where other flights don’t fly. On the other side in international sector it is facing tough challenges in international market due to the lower fares which are offered by other airlines whereas it’s also facing competition on the routes to the Middle East and the Gulf. Due to less advanced technology, Poor Image, Over-recruitment, Nepotism and political involvement, Corruption PIA is facing financial crisis. Market share is being loosed in international and domestic market. The report is based on the current position of the PIA and problems which PIA is facing and solutions to the problems. The report is comprised of three parts. First part is about the introduction of Pakistan International Airline. The Second part tells about the problems which Pakistan International Airline is facing and further describing the problems. The third part of the report suggests the solutions to problem which PIA can apply for the better performance. In our report we did SWOT analysis and PEST analysis on PIA, and also expressed the market segmentation and market analysis of PIA. We have also studied activities in different departments of PIA. We have also gave some recommendations in order to restructure the organization by conducting interviews and briefly studied financial reports as well as their services offered by PIA. Introduction Brief History: Birth of a nation; An Airline: Air transport has probably never been more important to the development of a new nation than in the case of Pakistan. In June 1946, when Pakistan was still in the offing, Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of the upcoming nation, instructed Mr. M. A. Ispahani, a leading industrialist, to set up a national airline, on a priority basis. With his singular vision and foresight, Mr. Jinnah realized that with the formation of the two wings of Pakistan, separated by 1100 miles, a swift and efficient mode of transport was imperative. Despite wars and economic trouble, the carrier survived to grow. Orient Airways, a privately owned company, with limited capital and resources, could not be expected to grow and expand independently. It was then that the Government of Pakistan decided to form a state-owned airline and invited Orient Airways to merge with it. The outcome of the merger was the birth of a new airline, through PIAC Ordinance 1955 on January 10, 1955. In addition to transport activities, Orient Airways had established the nucleus of overhaul and maintenance facilities and acquired trained pilots, engineers and technicians, measures which proved to be a great asset for PIA during its teething phase. PIA’s First International Service The year 1955 also marked the inauguration of the fledgling airlines first scheduled international service to the glittering, glitzy capital city of London, via Cairo and Rome. PIAs focus was, and continues to be, to serve the Pakistani community at large. The provision of transportation to expatriates has remained one of the foremost priorities of the national airline. Moreover, PIA earned substantial foreign exchange through international services, which it invested in the purchase of aircraft and spare parts, as fleet expansion was a grave necessity for the airline. On March 1960, PIA launched its first Boeing 707 jet service on the London-Karachi-Dacca, route which later proved to be very successful. This trail-blazing accomplishment resulted in PIA becoming the first Asian Airline to operate a jet aircraft, setting trends for the future. In 1961, the airline took on the mammoth task of initiating a cross-Atlantic service from Karachi to New York. By this time, PIA had placed orders for more new aircraft, which included Fokker F-27s, Boeing 720Bs and Sikorsky helicopters. Helicopter services in East Pakistan had gained momentum by 1962 and expanded to include Sylhet, Chittagong, Dacca, Comilla and Ishurdi. PIAs helicopter services carried over 70,000 passengers during the first year of operation Ushering In a New Era of Growth and Development PIA heralded the nineties by donning a bright new corporate identity. Old-timers may remember the flutter that the earlier green and gold livery had created when it was first introduced in 1974. However, in keeping with the changing times, PIA introduced a smart, sporty 90s look. The familiar PIA green was reinforced with moss green and pale blue stripes were incorporated into the new corporate identity. The stripes, a universal symbol of sport, highlighted PIAs active participation and sponsorship of a diverse range of national games. PIAs players have always been at the forefront of Pakistani Cricket, Hockey, Squash, Football, Chess, Bridge, Polo and Table-Tennis teams. The nineties also saw the expansion of PIAs massive Hajj and Umrah operations to Pakistans smaller cities, in addition to the major cities of Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta and Karachi. PIAs growth continues unabated and the airline now operates globally, covering the entire domestic landscape and international destinations spread over 4 continents. In a nutshell, About PIA: PIA, Pakistan’s flagship national airline has been an air travel pioneer since its inception in 1955. PIA has many firsts to its credits and continues to soar, ever committed to innovation and Rich customer experiences. With a fleet of younger airplanes, a crew dedicated to providing the highest standards of inflight service, and stellar management, PIA is an airline that’s going places. It is the 16th largest airline in Asia, opening scheduled services to 73 destinations throughout Asia, The Middle East, North America, Europe, as well as an extensive domestic network linking 24 destinations Financial Performance The following table gives the key financial results for 2011 along with those since 2004. The financial performance for FY 2011 continues to be a challenge with an after tax loss of PKR 26. 67 billion. This was preceded by six consecutive loss making years dating back to 2005. The airline did report a reduction of post tax losses of 83% in 2009 (compared to 2008) based on a reduction in fuel cost, comparatively stable exchange rate for the Pakistan Rupee and higher revenues. But in 2011 amp; 2010, losses again rose sharply compared to the previous years. The airline faces many challe nges to its profitability such as staffing levels and overall management issues. An employee count of 18,014 for a fleet of 40 aircraft  is clearly an area that needs to be reviewed. Revenues  | Year| Revenues (PKR in Million)| Profit/(Loss) (PKR in Million)| Employees (Ave. )| 2011| 116,551| (26,767)| 18,014| 2010| 107,532| (20,785)| 18,019| 2009| 94,564| (5,822)| 17,944| 2008| 88,863| (36,139)| 18,036| 2007| 70,481| (13,399)| 18,149| 2006| 70,587| (12,763)| 18,282| 2005| 64,074| (4,412)| 19,263| 2004| 57,788| 2,307| 19,634| The report for the first quarter of 2012  does not show any improvement. The after tax losses reported for the first quarter of 2012 are PKR 7. 81 billion as compared to PKR 4. 24 for Q1 of 2011. Revenue is also pretty much stagnant at PKR 26. 4 billion for the first quarter of 2012 compared with PKR 26. 18 billion for the first quarter of After hovering around the five and a half million mark for around 5 years, the passenger traffic rose to just under six million in 2011 while the passenger load factor went down from 74% in 2010 to 72% in 2011. Passenger Traffic  | Year| Revenue Passengers (Million)| Passenger Load Factor| Average Pa ssenger Stage Distance (Statute KM)| 2011| 5. 953| 72| 2,631| 2010| 5. 538| 74| 2,827| 2009| 5. 535| 70| 2,510| 2008| 5. 617| 71| 2,479| 2007| 5. 415| 67| 2,527| 2007| 5. 15| 67| 2,527| 2006| 5. 732| 69| 2,639| 2005| 5. 499| 70| 2,638| It is also interesting to note that for 2011, about 81% of revenue is from passenger traffic and only 5% from cargo. Another 7. 8% is from room food and beverage sales! The remaining 6% is from excess baggage, charter, engineering services, handling amp; related services, mail amp; other. Research Methodology We have conducted the research on factors effecting the service and financial performance of PIA. For that we have asked some question with relative department such as HR, Finance, Sales and marketing. After secondary data collection primary data is collected through questionnaire the method is used open ended questionnaire where concerned parties have answered them in form of comments and opinions. We have visited head office of Pakistan International Airlines at Islamabad Office. The respondent of our research were upper management staff of PIA. Our target population was upper management as PIA has a centralized structure so lower working staff has not allowed sharing data. INTERVIEW Interviewer Mehmood Rafique, Asad Bashir Interviewee Azhar jameel Bhutto, Ms. Kausar, Ms. Verda Designation Passenger Sales Officer, Marketing officer, Hr Assistant Organization Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) Interview Duration 60 Minutes Interview Session: Q1. Tell Something about PIA? Ans: PIA is the national flag carrier of Pakistan and the national airline operation passenger and cargo services around the world Its main hubs are Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, The Allama Iqbal Lahore and Islamabad Benazir International Airport Islamabad. Q2. Which Markets do you serve? Ans: PIA serves two markets Domestic and International. In the domestic sector it has outperformed itself by stretching its networks to areas. In the international market it faces severe competition, especially due to the fact that these international organizations are providing fares much lower than Pakistan international airlines. Q3. What is the current structure PIA is following? Ans: PIA is following centralized structure. Every decisions and policy changes is taken by Upper management. Q4. How do you give the value to customers? †¢Through pricing strategy †¢Through your services? Ans: Through both pricing strategy as well as services. PIA is the only airline which offers low rates for travelling to its potential customers. Q5. Do you empower employees to share their opinions by participating in the decision making? Ans. PIA does not empower employees in a way that they can raise their opinions. As it is centralized structure everything is decided by upper management. Q6. PIA hires contractual employees or permanent? Ans:PIA hires both contractual as well as permanent employees depends on the job requirement that either a candidate should select as contract basis or permanent. Q7. What is the corporate image of PIA? Ans: Yes off course PIA has a big network, and owned by Government, it has corporate image not at national as well as international level Q8. In Last five years did PIA adopt any technological advancement? Ans:PIA has adopted different enterprise system for technological advancement Like we have installed a new enterprise system ‘’Enterprise Recourse Planning’’. The outcome of applying this system is, it helped us to improve the efficiency of work due to which work load has been reduced and distributed. Q9. How many employees are currently working in PIA? Ans: Currently in PIA 27000 employees are working. Where it’s not a plus point that due to big network a lot of employees are associated with PIA. Management should consider this issue. Q10. What is the current sale of PIA? Ans:The current sale of PIA is 8. 2 billion only in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Q11. What is the best quality of PIA? Ans: PIA’s best quality is. It gives the priority to its customers, to let them loyal with us though PIA faces lots of problem because our most of passenger is not educated so our team deals with love and care, no matter how much passenger harsh to our employees. With that there is no communication barrier with customers. Our team deals with them in a way customer feels convenient. But if we talk about employees perspective, then PIA’s best thing is allowances and benefits given to its employees. Q12. Which accounting standard is followed by PIA? Ans:We follow International Accounting Standard 35. Q13. What is your employees hiring criteria? Ans: First of all we select the eligible candidates CV’s then we send it to Karachi where regional officer decides which candidate should be call for interview. Then those who are selected we call them for entry test and in entry test general questions are asked after clearing test medical test is taking from candidates then finally candidates are call for interview. All positions will be filled by above average intelligence, integrity and good character candidates. * The standard of criteria will be determined by management of PIAC. * Person who is dismissed or convicted of an office shall not be eligible for any post. * Competent authority may relax the maximum age limit up to 10 years. * All appointments sh all be made on clearance certificate from police. * Permanent posts are not given by PIA, now posts are given on contractual basis. * Mostly contract extends from 1 to 5 years. Q14. What marketing channels are used by PIA? Ans:PIA use different marketing channels like we have our magazine that is updated every week. ________________________________________________ Problem Description: According to our research the company is having the problem in the following areas. The problems for Pakistan International Airlines include: Over Staffing: Pakistan International Airlines is a large organization with 18,043 employees. Its fleet comprises of 43 planes. It operating planes are just 33. It means round about 525 employees per plane. The industry average is being between 150-250 people. This describes the position of the company clearly. This drives the cost of the company further. De-motivated employees: Pakistan International Airlines is a company which is constantly going in loss. Higher number of employees and the company already going in loss de-motivates the employees. The employees do not feel secure themselves in the company and try to move to other successful organizations. Also certain issues such as centralized decision making and salary issues also de-motivate the employees taking their attention away from their job. Nepotism and Political involvement during recruitment and selection: Pakistan International Airlines being the government organization has the strong influence of the politicians and government officials. Reports say that Mr. Tariq Kirmani was appointed chairman PIA due to being a friend of Prime minister. Similarly Mr. Kirmani appointed his own friend Director MIS at a heavy salary. Selection and recruitment is not done on merit. Current deputy managing director is another example of this who was a pilot by profession and now deputy managing director still flies some hours a week to keep his license on. Lack of experience relating to aviation industry for the top management: Look at the background of former three chairmen of PIA. Mr. Tariq Kirmani was from PSO, Mr. Zafar Khan was from PTCL and Mr. Ahmad Saeed was from Service industry having no experience of aviation industry. What could they contribute to the organization with no such knowledge? Lapses in the management: The PIA’s management is ineffective to resolve and plan at the right time. Planes with damaged Nose Radome are grounded for consistent 9 days. For an Airline with cargo aircraft and a frequency of eight weekly flights to USA, such an unwarranted delay in procuring Nose Radome is amazing to say the least. New flights to America are thought to start but with American aviation industry there is no talk. Strikes by engineers happen due to the mismanagement and cause a great loss to the company. Million of rupees worth cargo off loading from A VVIP flight is another example of this. Government’s and Civil Aviation authority’ policies: Pakistan International Airlines has to pay a big amount as an expense on its borrowings from banks. Already being in such a big crisis, the company is getting no support in this regard like WAPDA is getting. Also civil aviation authority of Pakistan’ policies are hampering PIA a great deal. Pakistan International Airlines being a national carrier has to go to those routes which are going in loss. Routes such as, Swat, Bahawalpur, Dalbandin etc are called socioeconomic routes and PIA has to get to those routes despite of great loss. On these airports, airport staff is greater numbers as compared to passengers. The money which is received as for providing services to passengers is taxed by the government at a very high rate. Rising fuel prices in the World: There is been consistent rise in fuel prices in the international market. Fuel prices have impacted on almost every airline in the world. This has affected Pakistan international Airlines more than any other airline due to its aged fleet. New planes are fuel efficient as compared to old ones. In an airline normally 30-35% of expenses account for fuel expenses but in Pakistan International Airlines this number goes to 45-50%. Due to these factors PIA has to charge more fare to customers that’s dissatisfies the customers. Aged fleet: Pakistan International Airlines fleet has total 43 planes. Out of those 43, only 33 are operating at the moment. The average age of the fleet is 13 years which has become 13 years with the induction of 4 new planes. Previously it was 14. Due to aged fleet the fuel is consumed more and maintenance expenses are increase. Thus theses factors result in increment in expenses. Due to the aged fleet and maintenance problem PIA has to pay higher amount in terms of insurance cost. Maintenance problems: Beside having a large number of engineers, there is always been a question mark on PIA’s fleet maintenance. In 2010 European Union banned 20 out of 42 planes were banned from operating in Europe. This results a 4 billion Rs. loss to the company just from Europe’s segment to the company. This ban was imposed just due to the lack of proper maintenance. Corruption at its peak: Corruption is a sin that has hollowed Pakistani society bases. Like all other departments of our country corruption is at its peak in Pakistan International Airlines. Sale of Roosevelt hotel in Dubai is a clear example of it. The hotel was valued about 1 billion but it was sold only in 40 millions. The sale of PIA’s kitchen centre in Karachi is another example of this. There a profit making unit of the company was sold. It was generating great revenues for the company but was sold confidentially. Less technology advanced as compared to its competitors: PIA is competing with the airlines from all over the country especially with the Middle East airlines which are coming in with heavy investment. Its competitors such as Emirates and Qatar airways have great capital. Theses Middle East organizations are putting in newer and newer technology and acquiring greater manpower. PIA being already in a financial crunch faces a tough task. Poor image: With already going in financial loss, 9/11 impact on the industry and above all incapability of Pakistan International Airlines’ management has badly damaged the image of the Airline. Due to all such problems the fares of PIA are higher but service is not up to that class. This also gives a bad image to the passengers. Lack of training facilities: Although PIA is running a training and development department in Karachi but it is in sufficient to feed such a big organization with almost 18000 employees. Special skills such as engineering, technicians are lacking. If they are there, they are not delivering. SWOT Analysis of Pakistan International Airlines: STRENGTHS: LEADING MARKET POSITION: PIA is one of Pakistan’s leading air carriers, with more than 800 daily flights. Around 150,000 passengers a month fly on PIA, making it one of the major operators in the domestic market in terms of passenger kilometers. PIA’s international market share was 43. 5%, In the Domestic market, its market share was 69. 4%. On a system-wide basis, PIA’s market share was 51. 2% at the end of year 2011. Its strong market position is driven by consistently low fares as well as reliable service, frequent and convenient flights, use of new technologies like e-ticketing and self check-in terminals, comfortable cabins and superior customer service. BRAND RECOGNITION: PIA has high brand recall. It is recognized by travelers all over the country. PIA is a national airline, operating passenger and cargo services covering eighty-two domestic and foreign. PIA has earned the number one ranking in customer satisfaction. This strong market position gives the company a scale advantage and helps it strengthen its brand image. SUPERIOR OPERATING STRUCTURE: PIA has maintained its position as the low cost carrier. It has been first class Pakistani airline to use the latest technology. Factors’ contributing consists of different series of Boeing and Airbus and an efficient, high-utilization and point- to-point route structure. Flying one type of aircraft significantly simplifies scheduling, maintenance, flight operations, and training activities. PIA has continually achieved high asset utilization and employee efficiency. Superior operating structure serves as the primary competitive advantage of PIA. NETWORK PRESENCE: PIA enjoys a strong network in key domestic and international destinations. The company’s network includes three the major airports in Pakistan, as well as major international airport such as Dubai International Airport. Having a strong network means that PIA can generate traffic feed for both its domestic and international Flights. HUB AIRPORT AT KARACHI: PIA operates from its hub in Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. Jinnah International is one of the world’s busiest airports in terms of number of passengers carried. It is also one of the largest international gateways to Asia. It is also the leading international air passenger (and cargo) gateway to Pakistan. The company’s strong presences in airports with heaviest traffic levels in Pakistan give it a competitive advantage. EFFECTIVE USE OF TECHNOLOGY: PIA has successfully incorporated latest technology in all its systems, giving it an edge over competitors. PIA takes credit for introducing most new technologies to the Pakistani market. It was the second carrier in Pakistan to incorporate the c-ticketing system and the second in South Asia to introduce self check in systems at the Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. WEAKNESSES: FORMULATION OF GOVT. RULES: The Basic flaw of this organization is its consolidation that is centralized system. The key policies, strategies and set of laws are designed by the upper management. The centralized system is one of the biggest obstacles of long term success of PIA. PIA centralizes structure lead to barrel between different level of management, decreased motivation, hard access to information. HIGH DEPENDENCE ON PASSENGER REVENUES: Passenger revenues accounted for 87 percent of the PIA’s total revenue in 2011. Cargo services allow airlines to generate additional revenues from existing passenger flights. In addition, cargo revenues are usually counter cyclical to passenger revenues and have lower demand elasticity than passenger business, which allows airlines to pass on fuel price hikes to customers. DEBT: PIA has a significant amount of 42 billion debts. Current and future debts could have important consequences for stakeholders of the company. For example, debt could impair PIA ability to make investments and obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate or other purposes. Debts could also put PIA at a competitive disadvantage to competitors that have lesser debt and could also increase the company’s vulnerability to interest rate increases. RELIANCE ON OIL PRICES: PIA’s sustainability, growth and revenues directly depend on oil prices. A steep rise in oil prices can seriously damage the long term viability of any airline. Recently many airlines around the world went bankrupt due to rising oil prices. Airlines need to hedge against this risk by taking proper measures. OPPORTUNITIES: HAVING THE MAXIMUM ROUTE AND FLEET: PIA is having the maximum route and fleet domestic and international destinations network in Pakistan as compared to its Competitors. Route and fleet expansion will positively impact the company’s operations by increasing revenues. GROWING DEMAND FOR LOW COST AIRLINES: The growing demand for air travel is driven by lower fares and consumer confidence. A survey by International Aviation Authority showed that ticket price is the number one criterion for passengers when selecting a flight, well ahead of the availability of a non-stop service. CUSTOMER LOYALTY: PIA’s frequent flyer and loyalty programs can help it retain customers. PIA’s Awards+plus (frequent flyer program) was established to develop passenger loyalty by offering awards and services to frequent travelers. Such schemes encourage repeat travel on PIA, as passengers seek to accrue the benefits given to regular travelers. This enables the airline to retain customers and reduce costs, as it does not have to spend money targeting new customers to replace those lost to other airlines. SHIFTING CUSTOMER NEEDS: The needs of air passengers are increasingly changing, as they are becoming more and more price sensitive. If PIA succeeds in making its prices more competitive, then the company will be able to gain significant market share. INDUSTRY RECOVERY: Market analysts believe that the global airline industry will experience an upturn in fortunes over the next few years. This represents an opportunity for PIA, as it could generate increased revenues and command market share if it capitalizes on increases in demand. THREATS HIGH INTEREST RATES: The past few years have seen State Bank of Pakistan impose high as well as low interest rates to check inflation and the over heating of Pakistani conomy. Inflation in Pakistan may see another raise in the short-term. ACCIDENTS: There had been five accidents with PIA listed as below: * Pakistan International Airlines Flight PK 705 was a Boeing 720 – 040 B that crashed while descending to land on Runway 34 at Cairo International Airport on May 20, 1965 resulting in 119 fatalities. * Pakistan International Airlines Flight PK740 was a Boeing 707-340C tha t crashed after takeoff from Jeddah International Airport on November 26, 1979. All 156 aboard were killed. Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268 was an Airbus A300B4-203, registration AP-BCP, which crashed on approach to Kathmandus Tribhuvan International Airport on September 28, 1992. All 167 on board were killed. * PIA Flight 554 is the flight number of a Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) Fokker F27 that was hijacked on May 25, 1998. The flight started its journey at Gwadar in Balochistan after originating in Turbat, and was flying to Pakistans southern port city of Karachi. The aircraft was carrying 24 passengers and 5 crew members. Pakistan International Airlines Flight 688 (PK688, PIA688) was scheduled to operate from Multan to Lahore and Islamabad at 12:05 pm on July 10, 2006. It crashed into a field after bursting into flames a few minutes after takeoff from Multan International Airport. All 41 passengers and four crewmembers on board were killed. PIA has to continu ously ensure utmost safety and security of its passengers. Accidents can adversely affect customer confidence in PIA and result in declined revenues intensifying competition. STRONG COMPETITION BY AIRBLUE: PIA is now competing against carriers such as Airblue and Shaheen Airline. PIA remains Airblue’s strongest competitor because of the huge market it has gained over time, strong brand image and customer loyalty. PIA has started new low-fares subsidiary â€Å"PIA Express† to stop the Airblue market share growing to fast. Moreover, major legacy airlines have been focusing on restructuring costs, which has improved their competitiveness. With costs restructured, the legacy airlines are becoming more formidable competitors in terms of increasing capacity, matching prices and leveraging their frequent flier programs. Increasing competition could adversely affect the company’s margins. INTEREST AND FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES: Fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates can have a significant impact on PIA’s earnings. For example, as PIA is providing its services to the UK. Negative or positive effects arise from exchange rate movements as change in expenses. Strengthening of foreign currencies against the British Pound will positively impact PIA and vice versa. DECLINE IN AIRLINE INDUSTRY: A number of factors have caused the current decline in the airline industry. For example, the threat of further terrorist attacks since September 11 and a fall in the number of business travelers have both caused passenger numbers to fall. These and other factors may continue to affect demand for air travel in the future, which will affect revenues of PIA. The threat of terrorism may discourage people from traveling by air and could especially reduce the number of passengers traveling on international flights. PEST ANALYSIS The macro-environment includes all factors influencing a company that are not within its control. These include political, social, economic and technological factors. These are known as PEST factors. A technique of analysis of the macro environment is PEST analysis. Environmental analysis should be continuous arid precede all aspects of planning. Since the airline industry is very much influenced by changes taking place in the environment and has undergone rapid and dramatic changes during the last decade, this analysis is especially important for PIA. POLITICAL FACTORS: Political factors always have a great influence on the way businesses operate in the airline industry and the spending power of customers. In recent years it has been observed that government played an active role in increasing competition in the airline industry. A number of new airlines such as AirBlue and JS Air have been awarded licenses to enter the domestic market. Pakistan has achieved some political stability in recent years. If the management of PIA believes that the present government will perform well (consistently), then there will be more investment in the form of purchase of new airplanes and latest technology. The over all industry will grow resulting in more luxurious and comfortable flights. With the military takeover government policies have become more liberal. ECONOMIC FACTORS: Currently, Airlines industry has three major players: Pakistan International Airlines, an Airblue, Aero Asia and Shaheen Airlines. Their target market includes domestic travelers as well as Pakistanis living abroad particularly in the UK and USA. These countries have strong economies coupled with high purchasing power. Customers’ purchase behavior depends very much on prices of the competing airlines as well as services offered. As inflation rate is unstable in Pakistan, spending power of consumers has effected in the long term. In fact growth in Pakistani economy has resulted in an increase in spending power and has positively impacted the airline industry. Economically, the new millennium has been highly volatile; the September 11 attacks revolutionized the whole world. Consequently, there was a global depression in the North America, South America, Australia and Europe. However, in Asia especially Pakistan the effect in the short term was otherwise. The economy began to boom because of greater remittances from abroad and whole sum immigration by expatriates. As a result, demand for air travel in South Asia rose. Economic conditions of Pakistan are however improving. PIA has cost a advantage over its competitors because of its newly acquired, improved, long distance aircrafts from Boeing’ which give longer range and better fuel economy than any other jet currently produced. This cost advantage is a barrier to entry for new firms. However, this cost advantage will not be significant on domestic routes. SOCIAL FACTORS: The social arid cultural influences on business vary from country to country. The social structure of Pakistan is closely tied. The trend is now changing as the general public is educated and is pursuing professional goals. Customers are more aware of market conditions and available options and want to get best value for their money. They spend considerable time and money on entertainment hence increasing the need of in-flight entertainment systems. Also, word of mouth has a significant impact in the use of airline services. Hajj attracts a huge number of customers. The social environment of Pakistan is turning liberal with the new regime. The initiative to automate check-in and ticket booking process might not be very popular with the general public (even educated population) is still technology averse. E-ticketing might also face significant challenges as consumers are generally reluctant to provide their credit cards information over the phone and the internet. The consumers, however, have a warm reaction to the prospect of less costly but quality service flights. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Technology is vital for competitive advantage and is a major driver of the airlines industry. Major technological changes are taking place in the airlines industry with innovations in the reservations and booking systems. In-flight entertainment systems and auto check in counters are two examples of such innovations. Internet plays a key role in e-ticketing as consumer can easily reserve tickets or check the status of the flight. A key issue will be the extent, to which technological advancements (such as Internet) impact distribution and cost synergies from industry consolidation, can offset upward pressures on costs. PIA has always led the path of technological innovations by introducing new technologies ahead of its competitors such as its auto check-in counters which has helped it gain market share. It was the first airline in Pakistan to install Sabre system followed by the market leader. Recommendations and suggestions: Needed better functioning of human resource and administration department * Management is needed to perform it responsibility professionally. Reducing costs and trying to achieve more market share by combining the organization. * Marketing department must deliver in order to create a strong figure for the organization. It must be responsible for creating more sales and getti ng more market share. Providing awareness about the good characteristics of the organization. Getting information on related field and report to the top officials. * Modernizing the airline’s fleet is badly needed as well proper maintenance of the fleet is required. Must take advantage of the increment in the air transportation especially towards Middle East countries and India. * Better and modern functioning of training and development department * Need for accountability. Implementation of program: Human resources and administration department: Pakistan International Airlines is a huge company with over 18, 000 employees. A human resources and administration department is working but it is needed to be work efficiently and according to the standards. If it would have been working properly then there would not been 525 ratio of employees per plane. Jobs must be designed by this department. Each and every position must be clearly defined. From the chairman to a sales agent and even further down everyone must be clear about his responsibilities. He should be held responsible for his job. International standards for recruitment must be adopted. Right number of persons must be appointed for a specific job. Proper advertisements for each and every job must be done. So that as many talented candidates can come in front. PIA’s manpower should be combination of youth and experience. Both the age groups shall be included in order to gain profitability. Rewards and incentives must be attached with the performance. Similarly there should be a check if an employee is not fulfilling his or her responsibilities. Job security must be done so that employees feel secure within the organization and remain loyal and committed to it, work for its benefits. Employee participation in the decision making must be enhanced. For the top level management such as chairman or managing director people having aviation industry experience must be hired. There should be no political or government influence during recruitment or selection. Merit must be considered at first. Management issues: There should be no compromise on discipline. Discipline should be the key factor for the organization. Policies must be clearly defined. Goals and objectives should be determined for the organization as a whole and individually as well. Management must assure that each and every person is committed to his job and the organization is going towards the achievement of its targets. Management should ensure the punctuality of flight, in flights services and their standard must be world class. Safety and maintenance issues for the planes must be strongly checked. Management’s perspective should be to increase the profitability and ensure the good image of Pakistan. Security and safety of cargo must be ensured. It must be management’s responsibility to ensure services to the passengers both in plane and at airport as well. The management must talk to the government on routes rationalization. Only those routes must be held which are profiting or which can provide profits in the future. The management needs to bring all the available resources in use and bring the modern facilities, software’s and information to the organization or at least report the need to top level decision makers. Management should be done by objectives, both short term and long term. Short term objectives to increase the profit and market share by reducing the costs and expenses. Long term objectives must be image building, providing state or the art equipment and fleet to the organization and creating corporate culture and value in the organization. Marketing department: Pakistan International Airlines marketing department has two divisions. It is passengers division and cargo division. Passenger sales division must be held responsible to boost sales by introducing different types of packages. It must also have the responsibility for handling customer queries and complaints. Effective campaigning of the special interests tourists’ packages for Pakistan to increase the travel to Pakistan must be done. Soft and brighter image of Pakistan and PIA must be enhanced. Cargo division must be responsible for supplying both perishable and non-perishable goods in the global market place. The major objectives of this division should be: * To develop Strategic alliances with other carriers so as to increase the capacity on the high yield sectors. Annually enhancing the cargo reservation services, terminal services and warehousing services at domestic and international stations to be competitive other carriers in the industry. * Revisions of cargo fares and offerings on annual basis to optimize the full potential of cargo space on all the sectors. Marketing planning should be done in such a way: * It must gather effective information regarding marketing and sales activities of va rious airlines. * Must Adopt and access the emerging software’s / programs which are needed to remain competitive in the industry. Annual assignment of realistic sales targets must be given to each sales area. * Effective evaluation of the sales targets on monthly basis must be done to take corrective measures for fulfillment of the sales targets. * The organization must provide a lot of activities in-flight to ensure that the passengers are entertained during their journey. These activities include movies, music, and in-flight duty free shops. * The pricing objective of PIA should be to maximize profits. It is considered an airline which charges high prices as compared to its competitors. So it must provide services to the passengers comparable to its price. Prices and services must be settled in accordance with the industry. PIA being huge organization must use a lot of promotional methods to persuade people to use its services. These must include advertising (newspaper, internet), through its own magazine, personal selling, sales promotion, and public relations. Advertising is an impersonal form of communication which should be used by PIA in many ways, such as TV ads, print ads. PIA can also use internet for its promotion. The passengers must provide online booking facility, online checking facility and up to date flight schedule. PIA is treated much of an ethnic airline rather than being a commercial airline. Its image must be advertised and portrayed in such a way so that every group and segment of passengers can travel on it. Modernization of fleet: A big reason for the decrease of market share and profits is due to the aged fleet of Pakistan International Airlines. PIA is competing with the rich and wealthy airline companies from the Middle East. Average age of PIA’s fleet is 13 now with the induction of 4 new planes, while its competitors have average age fleet between 7-8 years. PIA must modernize its fleet. At the moment it has 43 planes out of which only 33 are operating while rest of them are not in operating condition. PIA must modernize and expand it fleet number to 55 in the coming two years. Fuel efficient planes must be bought. It will not only enhance the brighter image but also will bring great financial benefits by reducing maintenance cost and fuel consumption. The modern fleet will be well equipped with all the modern facilities. Explore more market: India can be a great market for Pakistan international Airlines. It is a huge market and needed to increase its flight to India. Similarly the frequency of flights can be raised to profit making routes. According to IATA average annual growth in passengers will be 7. 8% for Asia pacific and 9. 8% for Middle East from 20011-2013. PIA can take advantage of this situation and by providing greater services it can get more market share. Training and development department: Training and development must function properly. It must prepare the employees for the upcoming challenges and threats in the industry. Both the airline’s staff and other employees of the organization must be well equipped with the latest techniques and skills used in the airline industry. Engineering department plays a vital role in this regard. A lot of money can be saved if engineers and technicians are well equipped. No need to go abroad for maintenance and over hauling of the planes. Accountability: There should be proper check and balance in the organization. Everyone should be held responsible for its responsibilities. There should be proper audit of each and every department of the organization. If found any mishap, the responsible people must be punished. Finance: * Government of Pakistan holds 83% of the shares of PIA. 13 % or more shares can be sold through IPO’s so that more finance will come into the ompany. Also private investors’ interest will rise. Both the government and private interest will give a new look to the company. The way of thinking will be changed entirely. * Pakistan international can lease its some of the international routes which are going in loss (such as American routes) and it is thinking to close these stations. Simila rly it can arrange an agreement with domestic airlines. Benefits * By purchasing new fleets the repairing cost decreases and attracts the customers that cause to decrease the cost and increase the revenue of PIA. Fleet modernization will bring more security, safety, less maintenance expenses and will project a brighter image of the airline. * By applying the modern techniques of management, management will focus on its objectives and goal in an efficient and productive manner which will reduce the expenses and focus on the achieving the profit * By properly marketing itself PIA will present a better image to the world. By clearly describing facilities and projecting its image it will help in growing market share. * Training and development of employees will prepare the employees for current tasks and for future challenges. By removal of old employees it creates an opportunity for fresh energetic candidates to show their performance. It also causes to reduce the cost because their salaries have been increases very high. * By the publication of magazine the awareness of the people about PIA increases. It increases the number of passenger that increases the revenue. * Timely decisions are possib le by decentralizing the decision making power. * Strict control on inventory stock will reduced the cost. * By appointing employees on permanent basis the sense of ownership will increases. When employees secure about future they can focus on their work more efficiently. * By giving the importance to the suggestion of lower level management and their participation in decision making, they wok with responsibility and tried their best for the organization. * Reducing the HR budget by clearly defining the job and designing the jobs. So right number of people and required number of people will work. A proper performance and reward system will induce employees to work effectively, efficiently and remain loyal to the organization. References Sites www. piac. com. pk ttp://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines_destinations3 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines www. google. com http://www. historyofpia. com/ http://www. airlinequality. com/Forum/pia. htm http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/438805/Pakistan/23702/Transportation-and-telecommunications#ref=ref387351 http://aviation-safety. net/database/operator/airline. php? var=4 931 http://www. centreforaviation. com/news/2009/07/10/pakistan-international-airlines-reports-second-consecutive-operating-profit-in-1q2009/page1 http://findarticles. om/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2006_May_8/ai_n16347759/? tag=content-inner;col1 http://wwwagse. informatik. uni-kl. de/teaching/pia-scenario/ http://www. abacus. com. pk/news_events/travel_secure. asp http://www. asiatraveltips. com/news06/95-Abacus. shtml http://www. etq. com/airsafety/ Journals, Reports, Magazines, Vouchers amp; broachers * Annual report of PIA 2012 * PIA in-flight entertainment magazine. * New Frontiers in HRD By Monica Lee, Jim Stewart, Jean Woodall * An internship Report on PIAC by Miss. Asiya Khan MBA LUMS. Lahore 6. (2006-2008) http://www. scribd. com/doc/13082382/Pia-Report? autodown=doc